However, with the advent of cheap assembly line cars by Ford Motor Company, the popularity of electric cars declined significantly. In 1902, the Studebaker Automobile Company entered the automotive business with electric vehicles, though it also entered the gasoline vehicles market in 1904. The first mass-produced electric vehicles appeared in America in the early 1900s. In England a patent was granted in 1840 for the use of rails as conductors of electric current, and similar American patents were issued to Lilley and Colten in 1847. In 1838, a Scotsman named Robert Davidson built an electric locomotive that attained a speed of four miles per hour (6 km/h). American blacksmith and inventor Thomas Davenport built a toy electric locomotive, powered by a primitive electric motor, in 1835. In 1835, professor Sibrandus Stratingh of the University of Groningen, the Netherlands, built a small-scale electric car, and between 18 (the exact year is uncertain), Robert Anderson of Scotland invented the first crude electric carriage, powered by non-rechargeable primary cells.
There are more 2 and 3 wheel EVs than any other type. Much of this growth is expected in markets like North America, Europe and China a 2020 literature review suggested that growth in use of electric 4-wheeled vehicles appears economically unlikely in developing economies, but that electric 2-wheeler growth is likely. Electric vehicle sales may increase from 2% of global share in 2016 to 30% by 2030. The International Energy Agency said in 2021 that governments should do more to meet climate goals, including policies for heavy electric vehicles. Increasing public interest and awareness and structural incentives, such as those being built into the green recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, is expected to greatly increase the electric vehicle market. Government incentives to increase adoption were first introduced in the late 2000s, including in the United States and the European Union, leading to a growing market for the vehicles in the 2010s. Project Drawdown describes electric vehicles as one of the 100 best contemporary solutions for addressing climate change. In the 21st century, EVs have seen a resurgence due to technological developments, and an increased focus on renewable energy and the potential reduction of transportation's impact on climate change and other environmental issues. Internal combustion engines were the dominant propulsion method for cars and trucks for about 100 years, but electric power remained commonplace in other vehicle types, such as trains and smaller vehicles of all types.
EVs include, but are not limited to, road and rail vehicles, surface and underwater vessels, electric aircraft and electric spacecraft.ĮVs first came into existence in the mid-19th century, when electricity was among the preferred methods for motor vehicle propulsion, providing a level of comfort and ease of operation that could not be achieved by the gasoline cars of the time. It can be powered by a collector system, with electricity from extravehicular sources, or it can be powered autonomously by a battery (sometimes charged by solar panels, or by converting fuel to electricity using fuel cells or a generator). Electric scooter, a Spanish-made Torrot MuviĪn electric vehicle ( EV) is a vehicle that uses one or more electric motors for propulsion.Electric, solar-powered aircraft the Solar Impulse 2 successfully circumnavigated the globe.Electric locomotive of the Shatabdi Express in India (see gallery of multiple units).Battery electric bus with onboard LiFePO 4 battery, a BYD K9 in Bonn, Germany.Electric trolleybus in São Paulo, Brazil.Electric truck, Class 8, a Tesla Semi in Rocklin, California.
Vehicle propelled by one or more electric motorsĮlectric vehicles around the world (from top left):
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